概要

This research used a risk matrix approach to conduct a risk assessment of the environmental, social, and economic impacts of Fairtrade and organic soybean production in Brazil. Risk matrices were developed for farmers and for importers, taking into account working conditions, environmental risks such as deforestation and agrochemical use, price, supply, and consumer demand. Overall, risks were higher for farmers than for importers. Organic and Fairtrade certifications were found to reduce risk across all three categories.